Bribery—Export Nexus under the Firm’s Growth Obstacles

Business bribery is a particularly serious problem in the integration era. First, this article investigates effects of institutional obstacles on firms’ 131 countries classified by nation income groups. Through appropriate proposal fitting functions, relationship between obstructions and predicted margin effect intuitively elucidated. Second, paper sheds light payment exports. Then analysis upgraded when controlling for moderation firm’s growth constraints. The results detected that not only barriers, but also internal external hindrances play an essential role interaction bribe payments export share. More interestingly, study scrutinizes separately. Besides, SMEs large enterprises are adopted further sensitivity analyses. To solve endogeneity problem, uses average amount location, sector, country as instrumental variable (IV). obtained consistent across groups national income. Due to during operation, amplitude positive exports reduced.